Ecotope-Based Entomological Surveillance and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Multidrug Resistant Malaria Parasites inAnophelesVectors

Ecotope-Based Entomological Surveillance and Molecular Xenomonitoring of Multidrug Resistant Malaria Parasites in Anopheles Vectors

The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax have become increasingly important in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). MDR malaria is the heritable and hypermutable property of human malarial parasite populations that can decrease in vitro and in vivo susceptibility to proven antimalarial drugs as they exhibit dose-dependent d...

Entomological surveillance in a recent autochthonous malaria area of Spain.

Molecular Surveillance for Multidrug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Cambodia

We conducted surveillance for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia during 2004-2006 by assessing molecular changes in pfmdr1. The high prevalence of isolates with multiple pfmdr1 copies found in western Cambodia near the Thai border, where artesunate-mefloquine therapy failures occur, contrasts with isolates from eastern Cambodia, where this combination therapy remains highly e...

A Novel Xenomonitoring Technique Using Mosquito Excreta/Feces for the Detection of Filarial Parasites and Malaria

BACKGROUND Given the continued successes of the world's lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programs and the growing successes of many malaria elimination efforts, the necessity of low cost tools and methodologies applicable to long-term disease surveillance is greater than ever before. As many countries reach the end of their LF mass drug administration programs and a growing number of count...

Molecular surveillance of drug-resistant malaria in India

Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasite poses a great problem for the malaria control programme of any country. The most commonly used antimalarial drugs, viz. chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) have been rendered ineffective and are replaced by the artesunate-based combination therapy (ACT). In India, artesunate is combined with SP (ASP). Nevertheless, CQ is continued t...